Disentangled representation learning through unsupervised symmetry group discovery

ICLR 2026 Conference SubmissionAnonymous Authors
Representation learningDisentanglementGroup Theory
Abstract:

Symmetry-based disentangled representation learning leverages the group structure of environment transformations to uncover the latent factors of variation. Prior approaches to symmetry-based disentanglement have required strong prior knowledge of the symmetry group's structure, or restrictive assumptions about the subgroup properties. In this work, we remove these constraints by proposing a method whereby an embodied agent autonomously discovers the group structure of its action space through unsupervised interaction with the environment. We prove the identifiability of the true action group decomposition under minimal assumptions, and derive two algorithms: one for discovering the group decomposition from interaction data, and another for learning Linear Symmetry-Based Disentangled (LSBD) representations without assuming specific subgroup properties. Our method is validated on three environments exhibiting different group decompositions, where it outperforms existing LSBD approaches.

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Overview

Overall Novelty Assessment

The paper contributes an identifiability proof for symmetry group decomposition, an algorithm for discovering this decomposition from interaction data, and a novel LSBD representation learning method that removes restrictive subgroup assumptions. It resides in the 'Formal Definitions and Identifiability Theory' leaf alongside two sibling papers (9488b7d948f6955491a468d8eade44d1, 60c806e98df2456a2fd937bb45f95453), forming a small cluster of three papers within the broader 'Group-Theoretic Foundations and Theoretical Frameworks' branch. This leaf represents a relatively sparse research direction focused on theoretical guarantees rather than algorithmic implementation, suggesting the work addresses foundational questions in a less crowded theoretical niche.

The taxonomy tree reveals neighboring leaves addressing 'Group Structure Discovery and Algebra Extraction' (three papers) and 'Commutative Lie Groups and Irreducible Representations' (two papers), both within the same parent branch. These adjacent directions focus on discovering group structure from data and handling specific commutative group cases, respectively. The paper's emphasis on autonomous discovery without prior group knowledge connects it to the structure discovery leaf, while its identifiability proofs align with the formal definitions focus of its own leaf. The broader taxonomy shows substantial activity in 'Unsupervised Learning Architectures and Algorithms' (ten papers across four leaves), indicating that while theoretical foundations remain sparse, practical implementation methods dominate the field's attention.

Among thirty candidates examined through semantic search, none were found to clearly refute any of the three contributions. The identifiability proof examined ten candidates with zero refutable matches, the discovery algorithm examined ten with zero refutable matches, and the LSBD method examined ten with zero refutable matches. This suggests that within the limited search scope, the combination of autonomous group discovery, formal identifiability guarantees, and assumption-free LSBD learning appears relatively novel. However, the analysis explicitly covers only top-K semantic matches and does not represent an exhaustive literature review, leaving open the possibility of relevant prior work outside this search radius.

Based on the limited search scope of thirty semantically similar papers, the work appears to occupy a distinctive position combining theoretical rigor with practical discovery algorithms. The sparse population of its taxonomy leaf (three papers total) and the absence of refuting candidates among examined works suggest meaningful novelty, though this assessment is constrained by the non-exhaustive search methodology. The paper's removal of strong prior assumptions distinguishes it from sibling works in formal identifiability theory, which typically require more restrictive conditions.

Taxonomy

Core-task Taxonomy Papers
33
3
Claimed Contributions
30
Contribution Candidate Papers Compared
0
Refutable Paper

Research Landscape Overview

Core task: Unsupervised symmetry group discovery for disentangled representation learning. This field seeks to learn interpretable latent representations by identifying and exploiting the underlying symmetry structures in data without manual supervision. The taxonomy reveals a landscape organized around several complementary perspectives. Group-Theoretic Foundations and Theoretical Frameworks establish the mathematical underpinnings, addressing questions of identifiability and formal definitions that determine when and how symmetries can be provably recovered. Unsupervised Learning Architectures and Algorithms develop practical methods—ranging from variational autoencoders to novel training objectives—that can discover group structure from raw observations. Equivariance and Invariance Learning focuses on building models that respect or exploit known or learned symmetries through architectural constraints. Domain-Specific Applications and Representations explore how these principles apply to concrete settings like robotics, molecular chemistry, or visual scenes, while Specialized Representation Properties and Metrics provide tools to evaluate and characterize the quality of learned disentanglements. Several active lines of work reveal key trade-offs between theoretical guarantees and practical flexibility. Some approaches, such as Disentangled Group Representation[1] and Group-Based Disentanglement Framework[3], emphasize explicit group-theoretic structures and provable identifiability conditions, often requiring strong assumptions about data generation. Others, like CFASL[2] and Symmetry-Induced Disentanglement Graphs[5], pursue more flexible discovery mechanisms that can handle complex or partially observable symmetries. Symmetry Group Discovery[0] sits within the theoretical foundations branch, closely aligned with works like Limited Supervision Disentanglement[7] and Identifiability Disentanglement Desiderata[28], which rigorously examine when unsupervised methods can uniquely recover ground-truth factors. Compared to neighboring efforts, Symmetry Group Discovery[0] places particular emphasis on formal identifiability theory, contrasting with more algorithm-focused contributions that prioritize empirical performance over theoretical completeness. This positioning reflects an ongoing tension in the field between establishing rigorous guarantees and developing broadly applicable learning systems.

Claimed Contributions

Identifiability proof for symmetry group decomposition

The authors establish theoretical guarantees that the true decomposition of the symmetry group into subgroups can be uniquely recovered from transition data, given minimal assumptions about the environment and action space.

10 retrieved papers
Algorithm for discovering symmetry group decomposition

The authors develop a practical clustering algorithm that autonomously discovers how the symmetry group decomposes into subgroups by analyzing action representations learned from environment interactions, without requiring prior knowledge of the group structure.

10 retrieved papers
Novel LSBD representation learning method without structural assumptions

The authors propose GMA-VAE, a new approach for learning Linear Symmetry-Based Disentangled representations that does not require prior knowledge about subgroup properties or structure, accompanied by theoretical disentanglement guarantees.

10 retrieved papers

Core Task Comparisons

Comparisons with papers in the same taxonomy category

Contribution Analysis

Detailed comparisons for each claimed contribution

Contribution

Identifiability proof for symmetry group decomposition

The authors establish theoretical guarantees that the true decomposition of the symmetry group into subgroups can be uniquely recovered from transition data, given minimal assumptions about the environment and action space.

Contribution

Algorithm for discovering symmetry group decomposition

The authors develop a practical clustering algorithm that autonomously discovers how the symmetry group decomposes into subgroups by analyzing action representations learned from environment interactions, without requiring prior knowledge of the group structure.

Contribution

Novel LSBD representation learning method without structural assumptions

The authors propose GMA-VAE, a new approach for learning Linear Symmetry-Based Disentangled representations that does not require prior knowledge about subgroup properties or structure, accompanied by theoretical disentanglement guarantees.