LiTo: Surface Light Field Tokenization

ICLR 2026 Conference SubmissionAnonymous Authors
generative model3D vision
Abstract:

We propose a 3D latent representation that jointly models object geometry and view-dependent appearance. Most prior works focus on either reconstructing 3D geometry or predicting view-independent diffuse appearance, and thus struggle to capture realistic view-dependent effects. Our approach leverages the fact that RGB-depth images provide samples of a surface light field. By encoding random subsamples of this surface light field into a compact set of latent vectors, our model learns to represent both geometry and appearance within a unified 3D latent space. This representation can reproduce view-dependent effects such as lighting reflections and Fresnel reflections under complex lighting. We further train a latent flow matching model on this representation to learn its distribution conditioned on a single input image, enabling the generation of 3D objects with appearances consistent with the lighting and materials in the input. Experiments show that our approach achieves higher reconstruction quality and better separation of geometry and appearance than existing methods.

Disclaimer
This report is AI-GENERATED using Large Language Models and WisPaper (A scholar search engine). It analyzes academic papers' tasks and contributions against retrieved prior work. While this system identifies POTENTIAL overlaps and novel directions, ITS COVERAGE IS NOT EXHAUSTIVE AND JUDGMENTS ARE APPROXIMATE. These results are intended to assist human reviewers and SHOULD NOT be relied upon as a definitive verdict on novelty.
NOTE that some papers exist in multiple, slightly different versions (e.g., with different titles or URLs). The system may retrieve several versions of the same underlying work. The current automated pipeline does not reliably align or distinguish these cases, so human reviewers will need to disambiguate them manually.
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Overview

Overall Novelty Assessment

The paper proposes a unified 3D latent representation that jointly encodes object geometry and view-dependent appearance by treating RGB-depth images as samples of a surface light field. It resides in the Neural Surface Light Field Models leaf, which contains six papers including the original work. This leaf sits within the broader Surface Light Field Representation and Modeling branch, indicating a moderately populated research direction focused on deep learning approaches to surface light field encoding. The taxonomy shows this is an active area with multiple competing neural methods.

The taxonomy reveals neighboring leaves addressing complementary aspects: Compression and Compact Representation focuses on traditional factorization techniques, while Geometry-Dependent Modeling and Optimization emphasizes explicit geometry with robustness to errors. Reflectance and Material Modeling tackles BRDF decomposition within surface light field frameworks. The paper's approach bridges these directions by jointly modeling geometry and appearance in a learned latent space, diverging from methods that treat these components separately. The taxonomy's scope notes clarify that this leaf excludes traditional compression methods and explicit geometric approaches, positioning the work squarely in the neural implicit representation paradigm.

Among sixteen candidates examined across three contributions, no clearly refuting prior work was identified. The core 3D latent representation examined ten candidates with zero refutations, suggesting limited direct overlap in the specific formulation of joint geometry-appearance encoding via surface light field subsampling. The training framework contribution examined four candidates without refutation, while the latent flow matching component examined two candidates. This limited search scope—sixteen papers from semantic search and citation expansion—means the analysis captures nearby work but cannot claim exhaustive coverage of all potentially relevant neural surface light field methods or generative 3D models.

Based on the examined candidates, the work appears to occupy a distinct position within neural surface light field modeling, particularly in its joint latent encoding strategy and flow-based generative component. However, the analysis is constrained by the top-K semantic search scope and does not cover the full breadth of recent neural 3D generation or view synthesis literature. The taxonomy context suggests the field is moderately crowded with competing neural approaches, warranting careful positioning against sibling methods in the same leaf.

Taxonomy

Core-task Taxonomy Papers
50
3
Claimed Contributions
16
Contribution Candidate Papers Compared
0
Refutable Paper

Research Landscape Overview

Core task: surface light field representation for 3D objects. The field organizes around five main branches that span the full pipeline from data acquisition to application. Surface Light Field Acquisition and Capture addresses how to gather directional radiance information from object surfaces, often involving specialized camera arrays or scanning setups. Surface Light Field Representation and Modeling focuses on compact encodings of this high-dimensional data, ranging from classical parameterizations such as Scene Surface Light Field[2] to modern neural approaches like Deep Surface Light Fields[6] and Neilf[3]. Rendering and Synthesis from Surface Light Fields explores efficient view synthesis and display technologies, including holographic systems and real-time methods such as Realtime Surface Light Field[8]. 3D Reconstruction from Light Fields tackles inverse problems that recover geometry and material properties from light field measurements, while Applications and Domain-Specific Extensions demonstrate uses in areas like medical imaging, underwater reconstruction, and interactive displays. Recent work has increasingly turned to neural representations that promise both compactness and quality, yet trade-offs remain between model complexity, rendering speed, and generalization. Within the Neural Surface Light Field Models cluster, LiTo[0] sits alongside methods like Neilf[3] and Neilf Plus Plus[15], which leverage implicit neural encodings to capture view-dependent appearance. Compared to Deep Surface Light Fields[6], which introduced early neural parameterizations, and Online Neural Surface Fields[11], which emphasizes incremental learning, LiTo[0] appears to emphasize a particular balance between representation fidelity and computational efficiency. Meanwhile, Learning Implicit Surface Fields[12] explores related implicit geometry questions. A central open question across these neural branches is how to scale to complex real-world scenes while maintaining interactive rendering rates and robust generalization to novel viewpoints.

Claimed Contributions

3D latent representation for surface light fields

The authors propose a unified 3D latent representation that jointly models object geometry and view-dependent appearance by encoding random subsamples of surface light fields into compact latent vectors. This representation enables reproduction of view-dependent effects such as specular highlights and Fresnel reflections.

10 retrieved papers
Training framework with joint geometry and appearance supervision

The authors develop a training framework that supervises both geometry (via flow matching on 3D distributions) and view-dependent appearance (via rendering supervision) using random subsamples of surface light fields from RGB-depth images, decoded as Gaussian splats with spherical harmonics.

4 retrieved papers
Latent flow matching model for image-conditioned generation

The authors train a latent flow matching model that learns to generate 3D latent representations conditioned on single input images, enabling generation of complete 3D objects with geometry and appearance that match the lighting and material properties observed in the input.

2 retrieved papers

Core Task Comparisons

Comparisons with papers in the same taxonomy category

Contribution Analysis

Detailed comparisons for each claimed contribution

Contribution

3D latent representation for surface light fields

The authors propose a unified 3D latent representation that jointly models object geometry and view-dependent appearance by encoding random subsamples of surface light fields into compact latent vectors. This representation enables reproduction of view-dependent effects such as specular highlights and Fresnel reflections.

Contribution

Training framework with joint geometry and appearance supervision

The authors develop a training framework that supervises both geometry (via flow matching on 3D distributions) and view-dependent appearance (via rendering supervision) using random subsamples of surface light fields from RGB-depth images, decoded as Gaussian splats with spherical harmonics.

Contribution

Latent flow matching model for image-conditioned generation

The authors train a latent flow matching model that learns to generate 3D latent representations conditioned on single input images, enabling generation of complete 3D objects with geometry and appearance that match the lighting and material properties observed in the input.

LiTo: Surface Light Field Tokenization | Novelty Validation